Version 2 (modified by 13 years ago) (diff) | ,
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Installing Trac as CGI
Please note that using Trac via CGI is the slowest deployment method available. It is slower than mod_python, FastCGI and even IIS/AJP on Windows.
CGI script is the entrypoint that web-server calls when a web-request to an application is made. To generate the trac.cgi
script run:
trac-admin /path/to/env deploy /path/to/www/trac
trac.cgi
will be in the cgi-bin
folder inside the given path. Make sure it is executable by your web server. This command also copies static resource
files to a htdocs
directory of a given destination.
Apache web-server configuration
In Apache there are two ways to run Trac as CGI:
- Use a
ScriptAlias
directive that maps an URL to thetrac.cgi
script (recommended) - Copy the
trac.cgi
file into the directory for CGI executables used by your web server (commonly namedcgi-bin
). You can also create a symbolic link, but in that case make sure that theFollowSymLinks
option is enabled for thecgi-bin
directory.
To make Trac available at http://yourhost.example.org/trac
add ScriptAlias
directive to Apache configuration file, changing trac.cgi
path to match your installation:
ScriptAlias /trac /path/to/www/trac/cgi-bin/trac.cgi
Note that this directive requires enabled
mod_alias
module.
If you're using Trac with a single project you need to set its location using the TRAC_ENV
environment variable:
<Location "/trac"> SetEnv TRAC_ENV "/path/to/projectenv" </Location>
Or to use multiple projects you can specify their common parent directory using the TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR
variable:
<Location "/trac"> SetEnv TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR "/path/to/project/parent/dir" </Location>
Note that the
SetEnv
directive requires enabledmod_env
module. It is also possible to set TRAC_ENV in trac.cgi. Just add the following code between "try:" and "from trac.web ...":
import os os.environ['TRAC_ENV'] = "/path/to/projectenv"
Or for TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR:
import os os.environ['TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR'] = "/path/to/project/parent/dir"
If you are using the Apache suEXEC feature please see http://trac.edgewall.org/wiki/ApacheSuexec.
On some systems, you may need to edit the shebang line in the trac.cgi
file to point to your real Python installation path. On a Windows system you may need to configure Windows to know how to execute a .cgi file (Explorer -> Tools -> Folder Options -> File Types -> CGI).
Mapping Static Resources
Out of the box, Trac will pass static resources such as style sheets or images through itself. For a CGI setup this is highly undesirable, because this way CGI script is invoked for documents that could be much more efficiently served directly by web server.
Web servers such as Apache allow you to create “Aliases” to resources, giving them a virtual URL that doesn't necessarily reflect the layout of the servers file system. We already used this capability by defining a ScriptAlias
for the CGI script. We also can map requests for static resources directly to the directory on the file system, avoiding processing these requests by CGI script.
There are two primary URL paths for static resources - /chrome/common
and /chrome/site
. Plugins can add their own resources usually accessible by /chrome/plugin
path, so its important to override only known paths and not try to make universal /chrome
alias for everything.
Add the following snippet to Apache configuration before the ScriptAlias
for the CGI script, changing paths to match your deployment:
Alias /trac/chrome/common /path/to/trac/htdocs/common Alias /trac/chrome/site /path/to/trac/htdocs/site <Directory "/path/to/www/trac/htdocs"> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory>
If using mod_python, you might want to add this too (otherwise, the alias will be ignored):
<Location "/trac/chrome/common/"> SetHandler None </Location>
Note that we mapped /trac
part of the URL to the trac.cgi
script, and the path /chrome/common
is the path you have to append to that location to intercept requests to the static resources.
For example, if Trac is mapped to /cgi-bin/trac.cgi
on your server, the URL of the Alias should be /cgi-bin/trac.cgi/chrome/common
.
Similarly, if you have static resources in a project's htdocs directory (which is referenced by /chrome/site URL in themes), you can configure Apache to serve those resources (again, put this before the ScriptAlias
for the CGI script, and adjust names and locations to match your installation):
Alias /trac/chrome/site /path/to/projectenv/htdocs <Directory "/path/to/projectenv/htdocs"> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory>
Alternatively to hacking /trac/chrome/site
, you can directly specify path to static resources using htdocs_location
configuration option in trac.ini:
[trac] htdocs_location = http://yourhost.example.org/trac-htdocs
Trac will then use this URL when embedding static resources into HTML pages. Of course, you still need to make the Trac htdocs
directory available through the web server at the specified URL, for example by copying (or linking) the directory into the document root of the web server:
$ ln -s /path/to/www/trac/htdocs /var/www/yourhost.example.org/trac-htdocs
Note that in order to get this htdocs
directory, you need first to extract the relevant Trac resources using the deploy
command of TracAdmin:
deploy <directory> Extract static resources from Trac and all plugins
Adding Authentication
The simplest way to enable authentication with Apache is to create a password file. Use the htpasswd
program to create the password file:
$ htpasswd -c /somewhere/trac.htpasswd admin New password: <type password> Re-type new password: <type password again> Adding password for user admin
After the first user, you dont need the "-c" option anymore:
$ htpasswd /somewhere/trac.htpasswd john New password: <type password> Re-type new password: <type password again> Adding password for user john
See the man page for
htpasswd
for full documentation.
After you've created the users, you can set their permissions using TracPermissions.
Now, you'll need to enable authentication against the password file in the Apache configuration:
<Location "/trac/login"> AuthType Basic AuthName "Trac" AuthUserFile /somewhere/trac.htpasswd Require valid-user </Location>
If you're hosting multiple projects you can use the same password file for all of them:
<LocationMatch "/trac/[^/]+/login"> AuthType Basic AuthName "Trac" AuthUserFile /somewhere/trac.htpasswd Require valid-user </LocationMatch>
For better security, it is recommended that you either enable SSL or at least use the “digest” authentication scheme instead of “Basic”. Please read the Apache HTTPD documentation to find out more. For example, on a Debian 4.0r1 (etch) system the relevant section in apache configuration can look like this:
<Location "/trac/login"> LoadModule auth_digest_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_auth_digest.so AuthType Digest AuthName "trac" AuthDigestDomain /trac AuthUserFile /somewhere/trac.htpasswd Require valid-user </Location>
and you'll have to create your .htpasswd file with htdigest instead of htpasswd as follows:
# htdigest /somewhere/trac.htpasswd trac admin
where the "trac" parameter above is the same as AuthName above ("Realm" in apache-docs).
See also: TracGuide, TracInstall, TracModWSGI, TracFastCgi, TracModPython